Apparatus and method for facilitating trickplay playback

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving a first manifest file from a first server that includes first metadata that identifies a second server where a first portion of data associated with a content item is stored, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, determining that a trickplay command is received by a processing system, responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is received, generating or modifying a second manifest file to incorporate the first metadata, and obtaining the first portion of the data associated with the content item from the second server in accordance with the second manifest file. Other embodiments are disclosed.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The subject disclosure relates to apparatuses and methods for facilitating trickplay playback of content, such as for example a playback of content by resource-constrained devices.

BACKGROUND

Users of devices, such as set-top boxes (STBs), have become accustomed to the ability to engage in a trickplay playback of content items. For example, VCR-style commands allow a user to rewind, pause, resume, or fast-forward content during playback. Traditionally, STBs were of a relatively large physical form-factor/profile and accommodated storage (e.g., memory) capacities that enable large amounts of data or metadata to be stored therein. As a result of such large storage capacities, traditional STBs can accommodate trickplay capabilities over the entirety of a typical content item. However, as the form-factor/profile of devices (e.g., STBs, mobile devices, etc.) continues to shrink/decrease, all other conditions being equal the amount of storage capacity that is available for accommodating trickplay playback of a content item decreases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a system functioning within the communication network of FIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2B depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2C depicts an illustrative embodiment of a timeline denotes commands to initiate trickplay actions in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2D depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of a computing environment in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of a mobile network platform in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of a communication device in accordance with various aspects described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrative embodiments for generating and maintaining a manifest/manifest file by one or more communication devices. The manifest/manifest file may be used to obtain portions of content items that may be presented by a communication device. Other embodiments are described in the subject disclosure.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include receiving a first indication of a plurality of content items that are available via a network, responsive to the receiving of the first indication, transmitting a second indication of a selection of a content item included in the plurality of content items, responsive to the transmitting of the second indication, receiving a first manifest file that identifies a location on the network where at least a first portion of data associated with the content item may be obtained, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, declaring one of the first manifest file or a second manifest file as a selected manifest file, and obtaining the at least a first portion of data from the location on the network in accordance with the selected manifest file.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include receiving a first manifest file from a first server that includes first metadata that identifies a second server where a first portion of data associated with a content item is stored, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, determining that a trickplay command is received by a processing system, responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is received, generating or modifying a second manifest file to incorporate the first metadata, and obtaining the first portion of the data associated with the content item from the second server in accordance with the second manifest file.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include receiving a first manifest file from a server, wherein the first manifest file comprises first metadata for obtaining first data associated with a first portion of a first content item, receiving a trickplay command with respect to a playback of the first portion of the first content item, receiving a second manifest file from the server subsequent to the receiving of the first manifest file, wherein the second manifest file comprises second metadata for obtaining second data associated with a second portion of the first content item, third data associated with a third portion of a second content item, or a combination thereof, and responsive to the receiving of the trickplay command and the receiving of the second manifest file, appending the second metadata to a third manifest file.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram is shown illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network 100 in accordance with various aspects described herein. For example, communications network 100 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first indication of a plurality of content items that are available via a network, responsive to the receiving of the first indication, transmitting a second indication of a selection of a content item included in the plurality of content items, responsive to the transmitting of the second indication, receiving a first manifest file that identifies a location on the network where at least a first portion of data associated with the content item may be obtained, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, declaring one of the first manifest file or a second manifest file as a selected manifest file, and obtaining the at least a first portion of data from the location on the network in accordance with the selected manifest file. Communications network 100 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a first server that includes first metadata that identifies a second server where a first portion of data associated with a content item is stored, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, determining that a trickplay command is received by a processing system, responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is received, generating or modifying a second manifest file to incorporate the first metadata, and obtaining the first portion of the data associated with the content item from the second server in accordance with the second manifest file. Communications network 100 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a server, wherein the first manifest file comprises first metadata for obtaining first data associated with a first portion of a first content item, receiving a trickplay command with respect to a playback of the first portion of the first content item, receiving a second manifest file from the server subsequent to the receiving of the first manifest file, wherein the second manifest file comprises second metadata for obtaining second data associated with a second portion of the first content item, third data associated with a third portion of a second content item, or a combination thereof, and responsive to the receiving of the trickplay command and the receiving of the second manifest file, appending the second metadata to a third manifest file.

As shown in FIG. 1, a communications network 125 is presented for providing broadband access 110 to a plurality of data terminals 114 via access terminal 112, wireless access 120 to a plurality of mobile devices 124 and vehicle 126 via base station or access point 122, voice access 130 to a plurality of telephony devices 134, via switching device 132 and/or media access 140 to a plurality of audio/video display devices 144 via media terminal 142. In addition, communication network 125 is coupled to one or more content sources 175 of audio, video, graphics, text and/or other media. While broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130 and media access 140 are shown separately, one or more of these forms of access can be combined to provide multiple access services to a single client device (e.g., mobile devices 124 can receive media content via media terminal 142, data terminal 114 can be provided voice access via switching device 132, and so on).

The communications network 125 includes a plurality of network elements (NE) 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. for facilitating the broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130, media access 140 and/or the distribution of content from content sources 175. The communications network 125 can include a circuit switched or packet switched network, a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, Internet protocol (IP) network, a cable network, a passive or active optical network, a 4G, 5G, or higher generation wireless access network, WIMAX network, UltraWideband network, personal area network or other wireless access network, a broadcast satellite network and/or other communications network.

In various embodiments, the access terminal 112 can include a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem termination system (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other access terminal. The data terminals 114 can include personal computers, laptop computers, netbook computers, tablets or other computing devices along with digital subscriber line (DSL) modems, data over coax service interface specification (DOCSIS) modems or other cable modems, a wireless modem such as a 4G, 5G, or higher generation modem, an optical modem and/or other access devices.

In various embodiments, the base station or access point 122 can include a 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access point that operates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n, 802.11ac or other wireless access terminal. The mobile devices 124 can include mobile phones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless modems, and/or other mobile computing devices.

In various embodiments, the switching device 132 can include a private branch exchange or central office switch, a media services gateway, VoIP gateway or other gateway device and/or other switching device. The telephony devices 134 can include traditional telephones (with or without a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones and/or other telephony devices.

In various embodiments, the media terminal 142 can include a cable head-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway or other media terminal 142. The display devices 144 can include televisions with or without a set top box, personal computers and/or other display devices.

In various embodiments, the content sources 175 include broadcast television and radio sources, video on demand platforms and streaming video and audio services platforms, one or more content data networks, data servers, web servers and other content servers, and/or other sources of media. As used herein, a content item may illustratively refer to, without limitation, a video, an image, an audio track, a document, a message, an application or program, etc., or any combination thereof.

In various embodiments, the communications network 125 can include wired, optical and/or wireless links and the network elements 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. can include service switching points, signal transfer points, service control points, network gateways, media distribution hubs, servers, firewalls, routers, edge devices, switches and other network nodes for routing and controlling communications traffic over wired, optical and wireless links as part of the Internet and other public networks as well as one or more private networks, for managing subscriber access, for billing and network management and for supporting other network functions.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a system 200 a functioning within, or overlaid upon, the communication network of FIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein. The system 200 a may include one or more communication devices, such as for example a first user equipment (UE) 202 a, a first server 206 a, a second server 210 a, a third server 214 a, a second UE 218 a, etc. While the servers 206 a, 210 a, and 214 a are shown and described separately, in some embodiments two or more of the servers may correspond to a same/common server. In some embodiments, a given server (e.g., the first server 206 a) may correspond to a management or control server, and one or more of the other servers (e.g., the second server 210 a and/or the third server 214 a) may correspond to content delivery server(s).

The system 200 a may be used to select and distribute one or more content items, potentially in conjunction with one or more networks. In some embodiments, the system 200 a may facilitate trickplay playback on, e.g., the UE 202 a with respect to the one or more content items. The above-noted features are described in more detail below in connection with FIG. 2B. More generally, FIG. 2B depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method 200 b in accordance with various aspects described herein.

In block 204 b, the UE 202 a may receive (and the first server 206 a may transmit) an indication of one or more content items that are available to the UE 202 a. The content item(s) may be available to the UE 202 a on the basis of a license or subscription. The UE 202 a may receive the indication in response to a request transmitted by the UE. For example, the request may be generated by the UE 202 a (or another device) in response to a user input.

In some embodiments, the indication obtained by the UE 202 a in block 204 b may take one or more forms. For example, the indication may facilitate a presentation of the indication by the UE 202 a as, e.g., an audio rendering, an electronic programming guide (EPG), an interactive programming guide (IPG), a menu, etc., or any combination thereof.

In block 208 b, the UE 202 a may transmit (an indication of) a selection of a content item. The first server 206 a may receive the (indication of the) selection as part of block 208 b.

In block 212 b, the UE 202 a may receive a first manifest file based on the selection of block 208 b. The first server 206 a may transmit the first manifest file to the UE 202 a as part of block 212 b.

The first manifest file may be pertinent to the content item that is selected as part of block 208 b. For example, the first manifest file may include data/metadata that identifies when the selected content item is available, a location where portions of the selected content item may be obtained/retrieved, etc.

In some embodiments, the location where the selected content item may be obtained/retrieved may be identified in accordance with an address (e.g., a network address). The address may uniquely identify a first device that hosts/stores one or more portions of the selected content item from other devices. Continuing the above example, and assuming that the selected content item is stored at/by the second server 210 a (and not the third server 214 a), the data/metadata of the first manifest file may identify or include the address of the second server 210 a. It should be noted, however, that in some embodiments, multiple servers may store respective portions of a content item. Still further, at least some of the portions of a content item may be replicated across multiple servers in order to promote reliability (e.g., in order to safeguard against a given server being inoperable or offline).

In some embodiments, the first manifest file may refer to a portion (e.g., a segment or chunk) of the selected content item that is less than the whole of the selected content item. For example, the first manifest file may contain up to a threshold amount (e.g., 6 seconds) of metadata associated with a playback of the content item. The threshold amount of metadata may be selected to enable the UE 202 a to pre-fetch a sufficient amount of data associated with the selected content item in block 250 b (described below), while reducing (e.g., minimizing) buffering-related delays during the playback. The threshold may be predetermined and/or may be adapted in response to changing/dynamic conditions (e.g., network loads, quality of service (QoS) parameters, types of communication sessions that the UE 202 a is engaged in, etc.).

In block 250 b, the UE 202 a may obtain the data associated with the portion of the selected content item. For example, the UE 202 a may obtain the data associated with the portion of the selected content item in accordance with the terms/conditions imposed by the first manifest file received in block 212 b. Continuing the above example, as part of block 250 b the UE 202 a may transmit a request to the second server 210 a for data associated with a portion of the selected content item, and the second server 210 a may transmit the data associated with the portion of the selected content item to the UE 202 a in response to receiving that request.

In block 254 b, the UE 202 a may playback the portion of the selected content item based on the data obtained as part of block 250 b. While not shown in FIG. 2B, from block 254 b flow may proceed to, e.g., block 212 b. Thus, a loop may be established whereby the UE 202 a continues to receive an updated version of the first manifest file from, e.g., the first server 206 a, in order to facilitate receipt of metadata by the UE 202 a that, when taken/viewed in the aggregate, describes/refers to multiple portions (e.g., the entirety) of the selected content item.

Assuming that the playback of the selected content item as part of block 254 b is a linear playback (such as for example playback associated with a broadcast or multicast distribution model) then every UE that is part of the system 200 a may receive substantially the same (first) manifest file from, e.g., the first server 206 a in conjunction with that selected content item and may playback the selected content item in the manner set forth above (e.g., there may be a direct flow from block 212 b to block 250 b as shown via the dashed arrow in FIG. 2B that connects those blocks). Moreover, the loop described above (in respect of the flow from block 254 b to block 212 b) may facilitate a rolling window in terms of a respective portion of the selected content item, which is to say that as a first portion of the playback is completed that first portion (in terms of the metadata associated with the manifest file and/or in terms of the data of the selected content item itself) may be discarded of or overwritten by subsequently received data or metadata. In this manner, the size and content of the first manifest file as utilized by the UEs may the same/common across all the UEs.

However, if trickplay capability is to be supported/facilitated, then as shown on the timeline 200 c of FIG. 2C, the UE 202 a may initiate a first trickplay action (e.g., may initiate a pause) at a first point 202 c in the playback of the selected content item, and another UE (e.g., the UE 218 a in FIG. 2A) may initiate a second trickplay action (e.g., may initiate a rewind, pause, resume, or fast-forward) at a second point 218 c in the playback of the selected content item. While the second point 218 c is shown in FIG. 2C as a different time point relative to the first point 202 c, the second point 218 c may be the same as the first point 202 c in some instances. Furthermore, the second trickplay action may be the same as, or different from, the first trickplay action.

Unless every UE in a system initiated the same trickplay action at the same point in time of the playback of a content item (which rarely, if ever, would be the case in practical embodiments where there may be hundreds or thousands of UEs), then the first manifest file transmitted from, e.g., the first server 206 a to the UEs (as part of block 212 b) may need to effectively be adapted/modified in accordance with the specific circumstances/conditions associated with the playback by a respective UE. Referring back to FIG. 2B, such an adaptation/modification of the first manifest file is described in further detail below in respect of the UE 202 a of FIG. 2A. One skilled in the art will appreciate that other UEs (e.g., the UE 218 a of FIG. 2A) may perform a similar/analogous adaptation/modification.

In block 216 b, the UE 202 a may obtain (e.g., receive) a command to initiate a trickplay action (e.g., a rewind, a pause, a resume, or a fast-forward). The trickplay command may be based on a user input obtained by the UE 202 a. As shown in FIG. 2B, block 216 b is denoted with a dashed outline which represents that a trickplay command might not be obtained in some instances. For reasons that will become clearer below, in some instances a generation of a second manifest file (as described below in conjunction with block 220 b, as well as in conjunction with FIG. 2D) may be conditioned on obtaining a trickplay command in the first instance.

In block 220 b, the UE 202 a may generate and/or modify a second manifest file that is based on the first manifest file received in block 212 b. For example, the second manifest file may incorporate at least some of the metadata of the first manifest file that is received in block 212 b.

Assuming that upon entry into block 220 b that the second manifest file already exists, the UE 202 a may, or might not, overwrite some or all of the metadata that may have been previously present in the second manifest file with the metadata included in the first manifest file (of block 212 b). To demonstrate, if upon entry into block 220 b the (user of the) UE 202 a had initiated a trickplay action (e.g., a pause in the playback of the selected content item) as shown in block 216 b and as represented at point 202 c in FIG. 2C, then it might not be desirable to overwrite the metadata associated with a portion of the selected content item that is proximate to the point 202 c. For example, it may be desirable (e.g., necessary) to maintain such metadata in the second manifest file in order to facilitate a resumption of the playback starting with the point in time that is just after when the playback was paused, such that there is continuity in the presentation of the selected content item on/by the UE 202 a. In this respect, as part of block 220 b the UE 202 a may supplement existing metadata in the second manifest file by adding/appending the metadata included in the first manifest file to the second manifest file (without deleting/discarding/overwriting the existing metadata).

In some instances, upon entry into block 220 b it may be desirable or even necessary to delete/remove and/or ignore at least some of the metadata that may be exchanged (e.g., transmitted or received) as part of the system 200 a. For example, if due to a constraint (e.g., a physical constraint, such as a small form-factor) the UE 202 a has insufficient storage (e.g., memory) capacity to add/append the metadata of the first manifest file (received in block 212 b) to the second manifest file as described above, at least some of the pre-existing metadata that may be present in the second manifest file may be deleted/discarded/overwritten to create room for the incoming metadata of the first manifest file.

The selection of metadata to delete/remove or ignore may be based on one or more rules. For example, a first rule may provide for an elimination/deletion of the oldest metadata first (e.g. as part of a first-in-first-out [FIFO] approach). A second rule may be to examine other metadata that indicates portions of the selected content item that are deemed to be important or given a high priority relative to other portions; metadata associated with lesser/lowest priority portions may be deleted/removed first to make/preserve capacity for higher priority portions. As an example of this second rule, if the selected content item is a movie pertaining to a solving of a murder mystery, metadata associated with a portion of the movie that reveals the identity of the murderer may be retained in favor of metadata associated with a portion of the movie that deals with the murderer's upbringing in rural Montana. Other rules may be established and utilized for selecting metadata to maintain/preserve or selecting metadata to delete/remove/overwrite.

The second manifest file may be stored by the UE 202 a. In some embodiments, the second manifest file may be stored at/by another device that may be accessed by the UE 202 a.

In terms of the obtaining of the portion of the selected content item in block 250 b, the portion that is obtained may be based on, or performed in accordance with, terms/conditions imposed in the second manifest file of block 220 b.

As described above, in some embodiments the generation of a second manifest file may be conditioned on receiving a trickplay command/input in the first instance. For example, if the creation/generation of the second manifest file represents appreciable/substantial overhead, it may be desirable to only create the second manifest file if it is needed, such as for example in relation to trickplay playback/actions. FIG. 2D illustrates a method 200 d whereby the generation of the second manifest file is conditioned on an initiation of a trickplay command.

The method 200 d is similar to the method 200 b of FIG. 2B, where similarly numbered ‘d’ blocks, e.g., blocks 204 d, 208 d, 212 d, and 254 d, are counterparts to ‘b’ blocks 204 b, 208 b, 212 b, and 254 b, respectively. Accordingly, a complete re-description of the aforementioned ‘d’ blocks is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.

In block 218 d, the UE 202 a may make determination as to whether a trickplay command has been obtained (e.g., received). If so (e.g., the “yes” path is taken from block 218 d), flow may proceed from block 218 d to block 222 d. Otherwise (e.g., the “no” path is taken from block 218 d), flow may proceed from block 218 d to block 226 d.

In block 222 d, a second manifest file may be generated and/or modified. The operations of block 222 d may incorporate some or all of the aspects of block 220 b described above. From block 222 d, flow may proceed to block 230 d.

In block 226 d, the first manifest file (of block 212 d) may be treated/declared as a selected manifest file.

In block 230 d, the second manifest file (of block 222 d) may be treated/declared as a selected manifest file.

In block 234 d, a portion of the selected content item (of block 208 d) may be obtained per the terms/conditions of the selected manifest file (e.g., the selected manifest file of block 226 d or block 230 d). The operations of block 234 d may incorporate some or all of the aspects of block 250 b described above.

The playback of block 254 d may be based on the obtained portion of block 234 d.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respective processes are shown and described as a series of blocks in FIG. 2B and FIG. 2D, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methods described herein. While the methods 200 b and 200 d are illustrated separately for the sake of convenience, in some embodiments aspects of a first of the methods (e.g., the method 200 b) may be combined with aspects of one or more other methods (e.g., the method 200 d).

Aspects of the disclosure may be used to promote efficiency in terms of resource utilization. For example, aspects of the disclosure may enable one or more servers (or other network elements or devices) to simply distribute a manifest file to facilitate a playback of a content item without regard as to any playback options (e.g., trickplay actions) that may be initiated by a communications device (e.g., a UE) in respect of such a playback. Responsibility for maintaining a manifest file to facilitate trickplay playback/actions may be delegated/allocated to the communications device (or another device).

Aspects of the disclosure may be applied in connection with one or more distribution models. For example, aspects of the disclosure may be applied with respect to a broadcast distribution model, a multicast distribution model (e.g., dissemination of pay-per-view or other subscription-based assets), etc. Aspects of the disclosure may be applied in conjunction with a streaming, over-the-top (OTT) distribution model, where content may be delivered to a communications device via a network (e.g., an Internet) connection.

Aspects of the disclosure may be used to facilitate various playback options, including trickplay playback, on a resource-constrained device. For example, resource constraints may include limitations with respect to storage (e.g., memory) resources that are available, network connection constraints (e.g., limitations on bandwidth), power limitations (e.g., limited battery levels), etc. In some embodiments, the playback options may facilitate playback by the device without making sacrifices in terms of the quality or data-richness during a presentation of a content item. Still further, quality/data-richness with respect to a playback of a content item may be maintained while also accommodating other types of items (e.g., one or more operating systems, programs, applications, etc.) on/by the device.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 is shown illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular a virtualized communication network is presented that can be used to implement some or all of the subsystems and functions of communication network 100, the subsystems and functions of system 200 a, and methods 200 b and 200 d presented in FIGS. 1, 2A, 2B, and 2D. For example, virtualized communication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first indication of a plurality of content items that are available via a network, responsive to the receiving of the first indication, transmitting a second indication of a selection of a content item included in the plurality of content items, responsive to the transmitting of the second indication, receiving a first manifest file that identifies a location on the network where at least a first portion of data associated with the content item may be obtained, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, declaring one of the first manifest file or a second manifest file as a selected manifest file, and obtaining the at least a first portion of data from the location on the network in accordance with the selected manifest file. Virtualized communication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a first server that includes first metadata that identifies a second server where a first portion of data associated with a content item is stored, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, determining that a trickplay command is received by a processing system, responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is received, generating or modifying a second manifest file to incorporate the first metadata, and obtaining the first portion of the data associated with the content item from the second server in accordance with the second manifest file. Virtualized communication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a server, wherein the first manifest file comprises first metadata for obtaining first data associated with a first portion of a first content item, receiving a trickplay command with respect to a playback of the first portion of the first content item, receiving a second manifest file from the server subsequent to the receiving of the first manifest file, wherein the second manifest file comprises second metadata for obtaining second data associated with a second portion of the first content item, third data associated with a third portion of a second content item, or a combination thereof, and responsive to the receiving of the trickplay command and the receiving of the second manifest file, appending the second metadata to a third manifest file.

In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that leverages cloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and scalability via a transport layer 350, a virtualized network function cloud 325 and/or one or more cloud computing environments 375. In various embodiments, this cloud networking architecture is an open architecture that leverages application programming interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity from services and operations; supports more nimble business models; and rapidly and seamlessly scales to meet evolving customer requirements including traffic growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity of performance and reliability expectations.

In contrast to traditional network elements—which are typically integrated to perform a single function, the virtualized communication network employs virtual network elements (VNEs) 330, 332, 334, etc. that perform some or all of the functions of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. For example, the network architecture can provide a substrate of networking capability, often called Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI) or simply infrastructure that is capable of being directed with software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocols to perform a broad variety of network functions and services. This infrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most typical type of substrate being servers that support Network Function Virtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding capabilities based on generic computing resources, with specialized network technologies brought to bear when general purpose processors or general purpose integrated circuit devices offered by merchants (referred to herein as merchant silicon) are not appropriate. In this case, communication services can be implemented as cloud-centric workloads.

As an example, a traditional network element 150 (shown in FIG. 1), such as an edge router can be implemented via a VNE 330 composed of NFV software modules, merchant silicon, and associated controllers. The software can be written so that increasing workload consumes incremental resources from a common resource pool, and moreover so that it's elastic: so the resources are only consumed when needed. In a similar fashion, other network elements such as other routers, switches, edge caches, and middle-boxes are instantiated from the common resource pool. Such sharing of infrastructure across a broad set of uses makes planning and growing infrastructure easier to manage.

In an embodiment, the transport layer 350 includes fiber, cable, wired and/or wireless transport elements, network elements and interfaces to provide broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130, media access 140 and/or access to content sources 175 for distribution of content to any or all of the access technologies. In particular, in some cases a network element needs to be positioned at a specific place, and this allows for less sharing of common infrastructure. Other times, the network elements have specific physical layer adapters that cannot be abstracted or virtualized, and might require special DSP code and analog front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementation as VNEs 330, 332 or 334. These network elements can be included in transport layer 350.

The virtualized network function cloud 325 interfaces with the transport layer 350 to provide the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide specific NFVs. In particular, the virtualized network function cloud 325 leverages cloud operations, applications, and architectures to support networking workloads. The virtualized network elements 330, 332 and 334 can employ network function software that provides either a one-for-one mapping of traditional network element function or alternately some combination of network functions designed for cloud computing. For example, VNEs 330, 332 and 334 can include route reflectors, domain name system (DNS) servers, and dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) servers, system architecture evolution (SAE) and/or mobility management entity (MME) gateways, broadband network gateways, IP edge routers for IP-VPN, Ethernet and other services, load balancers, distributers and other network elements. Because these elements don't typically need to forward large amounts of traffic, their workload can be distributed across a number of servers—each of which adds a portion of the capability, and overall which creates an elastic function with higher availability than its former monolithic version. These virtual network elements 330, 332, 334, etc. can be instantiated and managed using an orchestration approach similar to those used in cloud compute services.

The cloud computing environments 375 can interface with the virtualized network function cloud 325 via APIs that expose functional capabilities of the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide the flexible and expanded capabilities to the virtualized network function cloud 325. In particular, network workloads may have applications distributed across the virtualized network function cloud 325 and cloud computing environment 375 and in the commercial cloud, or might simply orchestrate workloads supported entirely in NFV infrastructure from these third party locations.

Turning now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a block diagram of a computing environment in accordance with various aspects described herein. In order to provide additional context for various embodiments of the embodiments described herein, FIG. 4 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment 400 in which the various embodiments of the subject disclosure can be implemented. In particular, computing environment 400 can be used in the implementation of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156, access terminal 112, base station or access point 122, switching device 132, media terminal 142, and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. Each of these devices can be implemented via computer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers, and/or in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software. For example, computing environment 400 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first indication of a plurality of content items that are available via a network, responsive to the receiving of the first indication, transmitting a second indication of a selection of a content item included in the plurality of content items, responsive to the transmitting of the second indication, receiving a first manifest file that identifies a location on the network where at least a first portion of data associated with the content item may be obtained, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, declaring one of the first manifest file or a second manifest file as a selected manifest file, and obtaining the at least a first portion of data from the location on the network in accordance with the selected manifest file. Computing environment 400 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a first server that includes first metadata that identifies a second server where a first portion of data associated with a content item is stored, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, determining that a trickplay command is received by a processing system, responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is received, generating or modifying a second manifest file to incorporate the first metadata, and obtaining the first portion of the data associated with the content item from the second server in accordance with the second manifest file. Computing environment 400 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a server, wherein the first manifest file comprises first metadata for obtaining first data associated with a first portion of a first content item, receiving a trickplay command with respect to a playback of the first portion of the first content item, receiving a second manifest file from the server subsequent to the receiving of the first manifest file, wherein the second manifest file comprises second metadata for obtaining second data associated with a second portion of the first content item, third data associated with a third portion of a second content item, or a combination thereof, and responsive to the receiving of the trickplay command and the receiving of the second manifest file, appending the second metadata to a third manifest file.

Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more processors as well as other application specific circuits such as an application specific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit, state machine, programmable gate array or other circuit that processes input signals or data and that produces output signals or data in response thereto. It should be noted that while any functions and features described herein in association with the operation of a processor could likewise be performed by a processing circuit.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be also practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which can comprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows. Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data or unstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any information delivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media comprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 4, the example environment can comprise a computer 402, the computer 402 comprising a processing unit 404, a system memory 406 and a system bus 408. The system bus 408 couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 406 to the processing unit 404. The processing unit 404 can be any of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures can also be employed as the processing unit 404.

The system bus 408 can be any of several types of bus structure that can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. The system memory 406 comprises ROM 410 and RAM 412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can be stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 402, such as during startup. The RAM 412 can also comprise a high-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 402 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 414 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal HDD 414 can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 416, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette 418) and an optical disk drive 420, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk 422 or, to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as the DVD). The HDD 414, magnetic FDD 416 and optical disk drive 420 can be connected to the system bus 408 by a hard disk drive interface 424, a magnetic disk drive interface 426 and an optical drive interface 428, respectively. The hard disk drive interface 424 for external drive implementations comprises at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of the embodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer 402, the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refers to a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storage media which are readable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the example operating environment, and further, that any such storage media can contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods described herein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 412, comprising an operating system 430, one or more application programs 432, other program modules 434 and program data 436. All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also be cached in the RAM 412. The systems and methods described herein can be implemented utilizing various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 402 through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 438 and a pointing device, such as a mouse 440. Other input devices (not shown) can comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 404 through an input device interface 442 that can be coupled to the system bus 408, but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 444 or other type of display device can be also connected to the system bus 408 via an interface, such as a video adapter 446. It will also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, a monitor 444 can also be any display device (e.g., another computer having a display, a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for receiving display information associated with computer 402 via any communication means, including via the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to the monitor 444, a computer typically comprises other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 402 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 448. The remote computer(s) 448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typically comprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer 402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a remote memory/storage device 450 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprise wired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 452 and/or larger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 454. Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which can connect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 402 can be connected to the LAN 452 through a wired and/or wireless communication network interface or adapter 456. The adapter 456 can facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 452, which can also comprise a wireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 402 can comprise a modem 458 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN 454 or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 454, such as by way of the Internet. The modem 458, which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the system bus 408 via the input device interface 442. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 402 or portions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 450. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are example and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers can be used.

The computer 402 can be operable to communicate with any wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, restroom), and telephone. This can comprise Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bed in a hotel room or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, ag, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can provide real-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernet networks used in many offices.

Turning now to FIG. 5, an embodiment 500 of a mobile network platform 510 is shown that is an example of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156, and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. For example, platform 510 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first indication of a plurality of content items that are available via a network, responsive to the receiving of the first indication, transmitting a second indication of a selection of a content item included in the plurality of content items, responsive to the transmitting of the second indication, receiving a first manifest file that identifies a location on the network where at least a first portion of data associated with the content item may be obtained, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, declaring one of the first manifest file or a second manifest file as a selected manifest file, and obtaining the at least a first portion of data from the location on the network in accordance with the selected manifest file. Platform 510 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a first server that includes first metadata that identifies a second server where a first portion of data associated with a content item is stored, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, determining that a trickplay command is received by a processing system, responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is received, generating or modifying a second manifest file to incorporate the first metadata, and obtaining the first portion of the data associated with the content item from the second server in accordance with the second manifest file. Platform 510 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a server, wherein the first manifest file comprises first metadata for obtaining first data associated with a first portion of a first content item, receiving a trickplay command with respect to a playback of the first portion of the first content item, receiving a second manifest file from the server subsequent to the receiving of the first manifest file, wherein the second manifest file comprises second metadata for obtaining second data associated with a second portion of the first content item, third data associated with a third portion of a second content item, or a combination thereof, and responsive to the receiving of the trickplay command and the receiving of the second manifest file, appending the second metadata to a third manifest file.

In one or more embodiments, the mobile network platform 510 can generate and receive signals transmitted and received by base stations or access points such as base station or access point 122. Generally, mobile network platform 510 can comprise components, e.g., nodes, gateways, interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms, that facilitate both packet-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol (IP), frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and circuit-switched (CS) traffic (e.g., voice and data), as well as control generation for networked wireless telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, mobile network platform 510 can be included in telecommunications carrier networks, and can be considered carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein. Mobile network platform 510 comprises CS gateway node(s) 512 which can interface CS traffic received from legacy networks like telephony network(s) 540 (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN), or public land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system #7 (SS7) network 560. CS gateway node(s) 512 can authorize and authenticate traffic (e.g., voice) arising from such networks. Additionally, CS gateway node(s) 512 can access mobility, or roaming, data generated through SS7 network 560; for instance, mobility data stored in a visited location register (VLR), which can reside in memory 530. Moreover, CS gateway node(s) 512 interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PS gateway node(s) 518. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS gateway node(s) 512 can be realized at least in part in gateway GPRS support node(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that functionality and specific operation of CS gateway node(s) 512, PS gateway node(s) 518, and serving node(s) 516, is provided and dictated by radio technology(ies) utilized by mobile network platform 510 for telecommunication over a radio access network 520 with other devices, such as a radiotelephone 575.

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic and signaling, PS gateway node(s) 518 can authorize and authenticate PS-based data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions can comprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with networks external to the mobile network platform 510, like wide area network(s) (WANs) 550, enterprise network(s) 570, and service network(s) 580, which can be embodied in local area network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced with mobile network platform 510 through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to be noted that WANs 550 and enterprise network(s) 570 can embody, at least in part, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Based on radio technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) or radio access network 520, PS gateway node(s) 518 can generate packet data protocol contexts when a data session is established; other data structures that facilitate routing of packetized data also can be generated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s) 518 can comprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in 3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate packetized communication with disparate wireless network(s), such as Wi-Fi networks.

In embodiment 500, mobile network platform 510 also comprises serving node(s) 516 that, based upon available radio technology layer(s) within technology resource(s) in the radio access network 520, convey the various packetized flows of data streams received through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to be noted that for technology resource(s) that rely primarily on CS communication, server node(s) can deliver traffic without reliance on PS gateway node(s) 518; for example, server node(s) can embody at least in part a mobile switching center. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, serving node(s) 516 can be embodied in serving GPRS support node(s) (SGSN).

For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, server(s) 514 in mobile network platform 510 can execute numerous applications that can generate multiple disparate packetized data streams or flows, and manage (e.g., schedule, queue, format . . . ) such flows. Such application(s) can comprise add-on features to standard services (for example, provisioning, billing, customer support . . . ) provided by mobile network platform 510. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that are part of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gateway node(s) 518 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a data session, and to serving node(s) 516 for communication thereafter. In addition to application server, server(s) 514 can comprise utility server(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning server, an operations and maintenance server, a security server that can implement at least in part a certificate authority and firewalls as well as other security mechanisms, and the like. In an aspect, security server(s) secure communication served through mobile network platform 510 to ensure network's operation and data integrity in addition to authorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway node(s) 512 and PS gateway node(s) 518 can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s) can provision services from external network(s) like networks operated by a disparate service provider; for instance, WAN 550 or Global Positioning System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s) can also provision coverage through networks associated to mobile network platform 510 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same service provider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown in FIG. 1(s) that enhance wireless service coverage by providing more network coverage.

It is to be noted that server(s) 514 can comprise one or more processors configured to confer at least in part the functionality of mobile network platform 510. To that end, the one or more processor can execute code instructions stored in memory 530, for example. It is should be appreciated that server(s) 514 can comprise a content manager, which operates in substantially the same manner as described hereinbefore.

In example embodiment 500, memory 530 can store information related to operation of mobile network platform 510. Other operational information can comprise provisioning information of mobile devices served through mobile network platform 510, subscriber databases; application intelligence, pricing schemes, e.g., promotional rates, flat-rate programs, couponing campaigns; technical specification(s) consistent with telecommunication protocols for operation of disparate radio, or wireless, technology layers; and so forth. Memory 530 can also store information from at least one of telephony network(s) 540, WAN 550, SS7 network 560, or enterprise network(s) 570. In an aspect, memory 530 can be, for example, accessed as part of a data store component or as a remotely connected memory store.

In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter, FIG. 5, and the following discussion, are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented. While the subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on a computer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination with other program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.

Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustrative embodiment of a communication device 600 is shown. The communication device 600 can serve as an illustrative embodiment of devices such as data terminals 114, mobile devices 124, vehicle 126, display devices 144 or other client devices for communication via either communications network 125. For example, computing device 600 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first indication of a plurality of content items that are available via a network, responsive to the receiving of the first indication, transmitting a second indication of a selection of a content item included in the plurality of content items, responsive to the transmitting of the second indication, receiving a first manifest file that identifies a location on the network where at least a first portion of data associated with the content item may be obtained, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, declaring one of the first manifest file or a second manifest file as a selected manifest file, and obtaining the at least a first portion of data from the location on the network in accordance with the selected manifest file. Computing device 600 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a first server that includes first metadata that identifies a second server where a first portion of data associated with a content item is stored, responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, determining that a trickplay command is received by a processing system, responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is received, generating or modifying a second manifest file to incorporate the first metadata, and obtaining the first portion of the data associated with the content item from the second server in accordance with the second manifest file. Computing device 600 can facilitate in whole or in part receiving a first manifest file from a server, wherein the first manifest file comprises first metadata for obtaining first data associated with a first portion of a first content item, receiving a trickplay command with respect to a playback of the first portion of the first content item, receiving a second manifest file from the server subsequent to the receiving of the first manifest file, wherein the second manifest file comprises second metadata for obtaining second data associated with a second portion of the first content item, third data associated with a third portion of a second content item, or a combination thereof, and responsive to the receiving of the trickplay command and the receiving of the second manifest file, appending the second metadata to a third manifest file.

The communication device 600 can comprise a wireline and/or wireless transceiver 602 (herein transceiver 602), a user interface (UI) 604, a power supply 614, a location receiver 616, a motion sensor 618, an orientation sensor 620, and a controller 606 for managing operations thereof. The transceiver 602 can support short-range or long-range wireless access technologies such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, WiFi, DECT, or cellular communication technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth® and ZigBee® are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth® Special Interest Group and the ZigBee® Alliance, respectively). Cellular technologies can include, for example, CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO, WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wireless communication technologies as they arise. The transceiver 602 can also be adapted to support circuit-switched wireline access technologies (such as PSTN), packet-switched wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP, etc.), and combinations thereof.

The UI 604 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad 608 with a navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or a navigation disk for manipulating operations of the communication device 600. The keypad 608 can be an integral part of a housing assembly of the communication device 600 or an independent device operably coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USB cable) or a wireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth®. The keypad 608 can represent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTY keypad with alphanumeric keys. The UI 604 can further include a display 610 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology for conveying images to an end user of the communication device 600. In an embodiment where the display 610 is touch-sensitive, a portion or all of the keypad 608 can be presented by way of the display 610 with navigation features.

The display 610 can use touch screen technology to also serve as a user interface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, the communication device 600 can be adapted to present a user interface having graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by a user with a touch of a finger. The display 610 can be equipped with capacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technology to detect how much surface area of a user's finger has been placed on a portion of the touch screen display. This sensing information can be used to control the manipulation of the GUI elements or other functions of the user interface. The display 610 can be an integral part of the housing assembly of the communication device 600 or an independent device communicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a cable) or a wireless interface.

The UI 604 can also include an audio system 612 that utilizes audio technology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard in proximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphone for hands free operation). The audio system 612 can further include a microphone for receiving audible signals of an end user. The audio system 612 can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI 604 can further include an image sensor 613 such as a charged coupled device (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images.

The power supply 614 can utilize common power management technologies such as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulation technologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energy to the components of the communication device 600 to facilitate long-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or in combination, the charging system can utilize external power sources such as DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port or other suitable tethering technologies.

The location receiver 616 can utilize location technology such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS for identifying a location of the communication device 600 based on signals generated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used for facilitating location services such as navigation. The motion sensor 618 can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motion of the communication device 600 in three-dimensional space. The orientation sensor 620 can utilize orientation sensing technology such as a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device 600 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations in degrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics).

The communication device 600 can use the transceiver 602 to also determine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth®, or other wireless access points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time of flight (TOF) measurements. The controller 606 can utilize computing technologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits, and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash, ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executing computer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by the aforementioned components of the communication device 600.

Other components not shown in FIG. 6 can be used in one or more embodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the communication device 600 can include a slot for adding or removing an identity module such as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used for identifying subscriber services, executing programs, storing subscriber data, and so on.

The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, as used in the claims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity only and doesn't otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For instance, “a first determination,” “a second determination,” and “a third determination,” does not indicate or imply that the first determination is to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “data store,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile and nonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage. Further, nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can comprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising, these and any other suitable types of memory.

Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can be practiced with other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, smartphone, watch, tablet computers, netbook computers, etc.), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. The illustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network; however, some if not all aspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

In one or more embodiments, information regarding use of services can be generated including services being accessed, media consumption history, user preferences, and so forth. This information can be obtained by various methods including user input, detecting types of communications (e.g., video content vs. audio content), analysis of content streams, sampling, and so forth. The generating, obtaining and/or monitoring of this information can be responsive to an authorization provided by the user. In one or more embodiments, an analysis of data can be subject to authorization from user(s) associated with the data, such as an opt-in, an opt-out, acknowledgement requirements, notifications, selective authorization based on types of data, and so forth.

Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more features described herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection with automatically identifying acquired cell sites that provide a maximum value/benefit after addition to an existing communication network) can employ various AI-based schemes for carrying out various embodiments thereof. Moreover, the classifier can be employed to determine a ranking or priority of each cell site of the acquired network. A classifier is a function that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . , xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is, f(x)=confidence (class). Such classification can employ a probabilistic and/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysis utilities and costs) to determine or infer an action that a user desires to be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates by finding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which the hypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from the non-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classification correct for testing data that is near, but not identical to training data. Other directed and undirected model classification approaches comprise, e.g., naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neural networks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification models providing different patterns of independence can be employed. Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statistical regression that is utilized to develop models of priority.

As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the embodiments can employ classifiers that are explicitly trained (e.g., via a generic training data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g., via observing UE behavior, operator preferences, historical information, receiving extrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured via a learning or training phase within a classifier constructor and feature selection module. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automatically learn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited to determining according to predetermined criteria which of the acquired cell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and/or which of the acquired cell sites will add minimum value to the existing communication network coverage, etc.

As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, the terms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, or comprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to an operational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, wherein the entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. As an example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration and not limitation, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to execute software or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality of the electronic components. While various components have been illustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components can be implemented as a single component, or a single component can be implemented as multiple components, without departing from example embodiments.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method, apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device or computer-readable storage/communications media. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to mean serving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,” subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “mobile device” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to a wireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with reference to the related drawings.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer” and the like are employed interchangeably throughout, unless context warrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should be appreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automated components supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacity to make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms), which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

As employed herein, the term “processor” can refer to substantially any computing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors; single-processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.

As used herein, terms such as “data storage,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components or computer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory.

What has been described above includes mere examples of various embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and/or claimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.

In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue” indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that the steps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used in conjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates the beginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by other activities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indication reflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/or may be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further, while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, other orderings are likewise possible provided that the principles of causality are maintained.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirect coupling between items via one or more intervening items. Such items and intervening items include, but are not limited to, junctions, communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functional blocks, and/or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signal conveyed from a first item to a second item may be modified by one or more intervening items by modifying the form, nature or format of information in a signal, while one or more elements of the information in the signal are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can be recognized by the second item. In a further example of indirect coupling, an action in a first item can cause a reaction on the second item, as a result of actions and/or reactions in one or more intervening items.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement which achieves the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the embodiments described or shown by the subject disclosure. The subject disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, can be used in the subject disclosure. For instance, one or more features from one or more embodiments can be combined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments. In one or more embodiments, features that are positively recited can also be negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or without replacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The steps or functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure can be performed alone or in combination with other steps or functions of the subject disclosure, as well as from other embodiments or from other steps that have not been described in the subject disclosure. Further, more than or less than all of the features described with respect to an embodiment can also be utilized. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A device, comprising: a processing system including a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system, facilitate performance of operations, the operations comprising: receiving a first indication of a plurality of content items that are available via a network; responsive to the receiving of the first indication, transmitting a second indication of a selection of a content item included in the plurality of content items; responsive to the transmitting of the second indication, receiving a first manifest file that identifies a location on the network where at least a first portion of data associated with the content item may be obtained; responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, declaring one of the first manifest file or a second manifest file as a selected manifest file; and obtaining the at least a first portion of data from the location on the network in accordance with the selected manifest file.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise: responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, determining that a trickplay command is obtained, wherein the declaring of the one of the first manifest file or the second manifest file as the selected manifest file corresponds to declaring the second manifest file as the selected manifest file responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is obtained.
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise: responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is obtained, generating the second manifest file.
 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the generating of the second manifest file comprises incorporating metadata included in the first manifest file in the second manifest file.
 5. The device of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise: responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is obtained, modifying the second manifest file.
 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the modifying of the second manifest file comprises incorporating first metadata included in the first manifest file in the second manifest file.
 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the incorporating of the first metadata in the second manifest file comprises preserving second metadata in the second manifest file.
 8. The device of claim 6, wherein the incorporating of the first metadata in the second manifest file comprises overwriting second metadata in the second manifest file with the first metadata.
 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the second manifest file includes third metadata, and wherein the operations further comprise: determining that the second metadata is older than the third metadata; and responsive to the determining that the second metadata is older than the third metadata, selecting the second metadata to be overwritten with the first metadata while preserving the third metadata in the second manifest file.
 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the second manifest file includes third metadata, and wherein the operations further comprise: determining that fourth metadata indicates that the third metadata has a higher priority than the second metadata; and responsive to the determining that the fourth metadata indicates that the third metadata has a higher priority than the second metadata, selecting the second metadata to be overwritten with the first metadata while preserving the third metadata in the second manifest file.
 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the at least a first portion of data from the location on the network is further in accordance with a streaming, over-the-top (OTT) distribution model.
 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the receiving of the first indication of the plurality of content items that are available via the network comprises presenting the first indication in accordance with an audio rendering, an electronic programming guide (EPG), an interactive programming guide (IPG), a menu, or any combination thereof.
 13. A machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processing system including a processor, facilitate performance of operations, the operations comprising: receiving a first manifest file from a first server that includes first metadata that identifies a second server where a first portion of data associated with a content item is stored; responsive to the receiving of the first manifest file, determining that a trickplay command is received by the processing system; responsive to the determining that the trickplay command is received, generating or modifying a second manifest file to incorporate the first metadata; and obtaining the first portion of the data associated with the content item from the second server in accordance with the second manifest file.
 14. The machine-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise: receiving the trickplay command based on a user input.
 15. The machine-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the trickplay command comprises a rewind command, a pause command, a resume command, a fast-forward command, or any combination thereof, and wherein the content item comprises a video.
 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise: subsequent to the receiving of the first manifest file from the first server, receiving a third manifest file from the first server that includes second metadata, wherein the second metadata identifies a third server where a second portion of the data associated with the content item is stored; responsive to the receiving of the third manifest file, modifying the second manifest file to incorporate the second metadata; and obtaining the second portion of the data associated with the content item from the third server in accordance with the second manifest file.
 17. The machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the first server is different from the second server, and wherein the first server is different from the third server.
 18. The machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the second server is different from the third server.
 19. A method, comprising: receiving, by a processing system including a processor, a first manifest file from a server, wherein the first manifest file comprises first metadata for obtaining first data associated with a first portion of a first content item; receiving, by the processing system, a trickplay command with respect to a playback of the first portion of the first content item; receiving, by the processing system, a second manifest file from the server subsequent to the receiving of the first manifest file, wherein the second manifest file comprises second metadata for obtaining second data associated with a second portion of the first content item, third data associated with a third portion of a second content item, or a combination thereof; and responsive to the receiving of the trickplay command and the receiving of the second manifest file, appending, by the processing system, the second metadata to a third manifest file stored by the processing system.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the receiving of the trickplay command comprises receiving a pause command and receiving a resume command, wherein the receiving of the resume command is subsequent to the receiving of the pause command, wherein the receiving of the resume command is subsequent to the receiving of the second manifest file, and wherein the method further comprises: accessing, by the processing system, the second metadata from the third manifest file subsequent to the appending and subsequent to the receiving of the resume command; and obtaining, by the processing system, the second data associated with the second portion of the first content item, the third data associated with the third portion of the second content item, or the combination thereof, responsive to the accessing of the second metadata from the third manifest file. 